Background: Substance use DISORDERS (SUDs) constitute a serious medical problem. Information is scarce regarding the connection between SUDs and CARDIOVASCULAR complications. We sought to examine the types of SUDs and their relationships with complications in patients with CARDIOVASCULAR diseases. Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated 406 adult CARDIOVASCULAR patients with 1 of the different types of SUDs according to eligibility criteria. Required data were extracted, recorded, and analyzed using the SPSS software, version 16. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants was 59. 7±, 11. 92 years. Ninety percent of the participants used opium. Substance use had a significant relationship with age range, marital status, education level, and income (P<0. 05). Opium use was more frequent in patients with hypertension than other illegal substances (73. 8% vs 57. 1%,P=0. 035). Conclusions: Opium was the most frequent substance used by patients with CARDIOVASCULAR disease. Moreover, our participants had little knowledge about the CARDIOVASCULAR risks and complications related to SUDs. Therefore, stringent measures are recommended to prevent illegal substance use and raise public awareness in the country.

Inflammation contributes to different degrees to most if not all pathological conditions. The GI system including small intestine plays a major role in systemic inflammation and thus CARDIOVASCULAR wellbeing. We have reported that anti-inflammatory peptides that do not get absorb significantly and are not present in high concentrations in circulation reduce inflammation due to high fathigh cholesterol diet (Western Diet) in preclinical studies. This was paralleled by reduction in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therefore the site of action of the peptides is likely the intestine. We have observed that small intestine appears to be a major site for this effect. One mechanism of action seems to be the action of the lysophosphatidic acid, a powerful growth promoter that has an extremely high affinity for toxic oxidized fatty acids and phospholipids. Reduction in these toxic oxidized lipids was shown to correlate with liver SAA and circulation SAA. The fascinating phenomenon for which a hypothesis is gaining strength is the effect on the intestinal microbiota. The high fat-high cholesterol diet (Western Diet) results in changes in the micro flora of the small intestine. It would be important to show the effect of the anti-inflammatory peptides on reversal of eth Western diet, on systemic inflammation and on CARDIOVASCULAR physiology and pathology.

Background: Athletes’ health is an important issue and for promoting it, pre-participation examination (PPE) is widely performed by responsible bodies around the world.Objectives: This study was to determine prevalence of CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS among athletes participating in the Asian games and answering the question whether the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a necessary part of pre-participation examination (PPE) for prevention of sudden cardiac death.Materials and Methods: All athletes participated at Asian games came to sports medicine federation for a PPE including a comprehensive questionnaire, physical examination and ECG. In this retrospective study all profiles of 338 athletes have been studied as well as their electrocardiograms. Multiple logistic regressions as well as Firth’s bias reduction were used with R statistical software and SPSS. For predicting the changes in ECG, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve has done.Results: Among 388 athletes, 80 (20.6%) were female and 308 (79.4%) male with mean age of 23.2+8 years. Nine athletes (2.3%) were smokers, 28 of them (7.2%) experienced chest pain and discomfort, 45 of them (13.3%) had palpitations and 28 (7.2%) had history of anemia. Study of their electrocardiograms showed that long Q-T interval was not seen for anyone, but evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy was seen in 12 (3.1%), inverted T wave in 6 (1.5%), and right bundle branch block in 45 (13.3%).Conclusions: PPE provides very important information of athletes’ health. This study has shown that there was not any significant relation between current examination and electrocardiogram changes but regarding the ECG changes were commend it as a routine part of PPE.